Occupational Safety and Health Administration 200 Constitution Ave NW Washington, DC 20210 1-800-321-OSHA 1-800-321-6742. Falling off the CatwalkBy: Anya RuzickaWhat is a catwalk?Catwalks provide easy access for theatre personnel to perform common tasks. OSHA standard 1926. California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 1620. 703. The key points relating to fall protection cages are stated in OSHA 1910. 75(g) Catwalks on stiles of marine railways shall be no less than 20 inches wide and shall have on at least one side a guardrail and midrail meeting the requirements of § 1915. To assist employers and employees alike, OSHA. Runway means an elevated walking-working surface, such as a catwalk, a foot walk along shafting, or an elevated walkway between buildings. Call Us Today At (844) 314-1374. OSHA Catwalk Requirements: Standards For Beam, Load, Handrails & Get. Place warning lines and headers around the entire roof perimeter. Note that our enforcement. 219 (c) (5) (i) The basement, tower, or room occupied by transmission equipment is locked against unauthorized entrance. Title: Requirements for cast-in-place concrete. OSHA sets the footbridge standards for who required width dimensions, min laden request, case protection requirements, and the catwalk opening demands. Guardrail systems. (2) Bricklayers' and masons' scaffolds used in accordance with Sections 1641 (e) and 1644 (a) (6). Ramps are covered under OSHA guidelines 1926. When it come to work platforms, what are many OSHA platform conditions for keep in mind? Learn about several important standards. 25 defines the system forward stairs. My Account Shop Gear Point an Expert Custom Quotes (800) 535-7631 The term "exit route" means a continuous and unobstructed path of exit travel from any point within a workplace to safety outside. This includes measuring the deflection and residual deformation under specified loads. Vehicle protection . 48 (b). Marsh 19, 2021 2:42:17 PM . Tread width – 22” minimum. 23 (b) (4), ladder rungs, steps, and cleats must have a minimum clear width of 16 inches (measured before installation of ladder safety systems) for fixed ladders. There are 29 OSHA-approved State Plans operating state-wide occupational safety and health programs. " The employer must ensure guardrail systems meet the following requirements: (13) (i) Has a self-closing gate that slides or swings away from the hole, and is equipped with a top rail. OSHA sets the catwalk reference for the minimum width dimensions, minimum load requirements, fall protection requirements, and the catwalk aperture requirements. If we're at a facility loading indoors, then it applies to the business and they will enforce those regulations but as far as us climbing around, checking this or that, we don't fall under those requirements. Einem technical catwalk is one narrow, high walkway or elongated platform used inside industrial applications to offering safe access to elevated work areas. 23 (a) (2): Every ladderway floor opening or platform shall be guarded by a standard. OSHA 1910. The mill finish aluminum material ensures excellent. 10 has been incorporated in A14. OSHA Enforcement ; Annual Inspection Data ; Topics Back. Their state may be enforcing standards and other procedures that, while “at least as effective as” Federal OSHA standards, are not always identical to the federal requirements. OSHA sets the catwalk standards for the lowest width dimensions, minimum load requirements, fall environmental requirements, and the catwalk opening provisions. The maximum travel distance to one exit cannot exceed 150 feet in buildings not sprinklered or 200 feet in buildings protected by a. OSHA Catwalk Demands: Standards For Beam, Load, Handrails & Better. 29. use guardrail, safety net, or personal fall protection systems on residential roofs, the employer must develop and implement a fall protection plan that meets the requirements of 29 CFR 1926. (3) During demolition on the floor or surface being demolished. The OSHA catwalk requirements for general industry address much design variables until ensure that these systems have safe for employees. Confused about OSHA's ladder safety system requirements for 24-foot mounted access ladders? Read our blog post for details to keep your team safe. Our catwalks have been installed in distribution, fulfillment, and sortation centers across the United States. 2 cm) in height from the tread surface at the riser face. The Minnesota State Plan covers State and local government employers and employees. Standards and edit for catwalk widths, loads, and fall protection. 1051 (a) (1) Employees shall not use any spiral stairways that will not be a permanent part of the structure on. Call Us Currently At (844) 314-1374. 28 and 1910. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. 4 Tie-off or otherwise attach all tools to your person prior to ascending to the catwalk. Trench collapses, or cave-ins, pose the greatest risk to workers' lives. 1. Understanding these requirements can help ensure a safe work environment since equipment operators and maintenance personnel working on catwalks. Catwalks are a cost-effective way to optimize space and promote safety by eliminating the use of ladders and stools while still accessing vertical space. In proposed § 1910. Click Use Today At (844) 314-1374. Occupational Safety and Health Administration 200 Constitution Ave NW Washington, DC 20210 1-800-321-OSHA 1-800-321-6742. Getting struck or pinched by, or caught in between, tubulars being loaded onto racks. • 1926. Oregon Occupational Safety and. OSHA 1910. 40 PSF in 2006 IBC Table 1607. Paragraph §1910. OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D - Walking-Working Surfaces addresses the requirements for catwalk dimensions, catwalk minimum load provisions, or catwalk slump protection. OSHA. This letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. Note that our enforcement guidance may be affected by changes to OSHA rules. OSHA sets the catwalk standards forward and minimum width dimensions, minimum load requirements, fall protection requirements, and aforementioned catwalk opening demand. According to OSHA 1910. 23 requirements on guarding floors and wall openings and holes is the American National Standards Institute standard, ANSI A12. Handrails are required when there is a top step height of 4 feet or more and a railing needs to be 29. OSHA has stair requirements for catwalks as well. An exit route generally consists of three parts: access to the exit; the exit, which provides a way of travel out of the workplace; and the way from the exit to the outside. Standard platform decking surface is constructed of 3/16" diamond plate. We build all Konecranes overhead and gantry cranes to satisfy these safety specifications. Catwalks provide safe access from one working location to another in a ‘passive’ form of fall protection. 23 (a) (1) Used in emergency operations such as firefighting, rescue, and tactical law enforcement operations, or training for these operations; or. To prevent cave-ins: Employers should also ensure there is a safe way to enter and exit the trench. For a comprehensive list ofRunway means an elevated walking-working surface, such as a catwalk, a foot walk along shafting, or an elevated walkway between buildings. Heat Injury and Illness Prevention Proposed Rule. While the cover is not in place, the openings shall be constantly attended by someone or shall be protected by guardrails. 29 define that duty until have fall protection additionally the requirements for fall protection systems. This document is not intended to be totally inclusive but rather to highlight the information and requirements in the complete OSHA standard that all owners andOSHA’s newest regulations are in full swing — literally. Premier Components carries several options of catwalks. L. For Employers ; Worker Rights ; Workers Memorial ;. I have worked on several fine arts centers with catwalks above the auditorium and in the stage. 29 (b) (1): The top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, are 42 inches (107 cm), plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm), above the walking-working surface. Director’s Order #50B, SECTION 3. How much space do I need for a forklift? 12 feet wide As a rule, sit-down counterbalanced forklifts need aisles at least 12 feet wide to handle standard 48-inch. While there are some risks associated with their use, catwalks can promote an overall culture of efficiency and safety. ANSI B11. Tweet; An industrial catwalk is a narrow, elevated walkway or slim platform used in industrial applications to provide safe access to elevation work areas. Mar 19, 2021 2:42:17 PM . 205 (a) (a) Safe means of access shall be provided and maintained to all working places. OSHA's Walking-working surfaces standard, 29 CFR 1910. In particular, toeboards used for falling object protection are as follows: Toe Board Height Requirements: 29 (k) (1) (ii): “have a vertical minimum height of 3. OSHA catwalk opening requirements. OSHA 1910. Home; Products. OSHA Catwalk Requirements: Standards Available Width, Load, Handrails & More. 707 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202-3601 Main Business Line: 410-545-0300 | 1-800-323-6742Highlights of the new OSHA standard. Mechanical equipment shall be operated in accordance with applicable requirements in this part, including subparts N, O, and CC of this part, except that § 1926. 2 Complete fall protection training prior to accessing the catwalks. Scaffolding. An OSHA-approved state plan must have safety and health requirements at least as effective as those of Federal OSHA and must adopt comparable stateIn addition to paragraph (b) of this section, the employer must ensure standard stairs: ( 1) Are installed at angles between 30 to 50 degrees from the horizontal; ( 2) Have a maximum riser height of 9. Mar 19, 2021 2:42:17 PM . 11001. Non-penetrating Guardrail. 833-579-0927. Like the IBC, OSHA dictates specific measurements. OSHA sets to catwalk standards for the minimum width room, minimum load requirements, fall protection requirements, and and catwalk opening requirements. Dear Mr. 2-1982-American National Standard for Ladders. Our expert team can help you get the ReadyPlatform walkway, catwalk or mezzanine solution you need. A steep roof is one. The top edge height may exceed 45 inches (114 cm). The employer must ensure each safety net system meets the requirements in 29 CFR part 1926, subpart M. OSHA is focusing on reducing trenching and excavation hazards. Nov 27, 2022 Estimated reading time: 6 minutes In a factory setting, the equipment can be difficult to access, leading to dangerous and/or uncomfortable working conditions. based on your exact specifications. 852 (a) No material shall be dropped to any point lying outside the exterior walls of the structure unless the area is effectively protected. Under this provision, a catwalk or runway must be at least 18 inches wide. (1) When the employer uses a designated area, the employer must ensure:. Safety Nets. Inadequate lighting in walkways, stairways, and parking lots/garages. Specifically, in the Preamble of a proposed rulemaking for General Industry's Walking and Working Surfaces standard (Volume 55 of the Federal Register, page 13373 (Apr. The OSHA catwalk width requirements are found in section 1910. 3OSHA 1910. The employer shall not permit employees to board or leave any vessel, except a barge or river towboat, until the following requirements have been met: 1915. 1140 Willagillespie Rd. Specifically, in the Preamble of a proposed rulemaking for General Industry's Walking and Working Surfaces standard (Volume 55 of the Federal Register, page 13373 (Apr. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. According to your letter description and the enclosed pictures which show a sheet metal sleeve bolted to the motor/pump base totally covering. Neither of those images are wrong, but the term can also be applicable to a student performing on a 4-foot-high stage platform, a percussionist on a drum riser or a community volunteer stepping up on the high school stage to receive an award. Additional OSHA Requirements. Pre-engineered FRP industrial platform, catwalk and mezzanine solutions for industrial safety. Loose cords, cables, wires, and hoses in walkways. 1917. Design and Construction of Railings. Catwalk Systems for Fall Protection Solutions. Occupational Safety and Health Administration 200 Constitution Ave NW Washington, DC 20210 1-800-321-OSHA 1-800-321-6742. Tweet; The industrial runner is a narrow, elevated gangboard or elongated platform used by industrial applications to provide safe access to elevated work scopes. Understanding those. 10, 1999)), OSHA offered the following explanation: . 6). Catwalks, with runways, provide ampere applies out access to. 360 Mobile Product Runner; AccuFit Protection Railing;CHAPTER III—FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION; SUBCHAPTER B—FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY REGULATIONS; PART 399—EMPLOYEE SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS; Subpart L—Step, Handhold, and Deck Requirements for Commercial Motor Vehicles § 399. Training Requirements by Standard ; Enforcement Back. 3. gov . The newest OSHA revisions include the following criteria for OSHA 1910. 451 (b) (4) Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks or equivalent means, shall extend over the centerline of its support at least 6 inches (15 cm). Also, from time to time we update our guidance in response to new information. The OSHA catwalk requirements fork general industry address many design variables to ensure that these systems are safe required employment. Since that time, OSHA has received many questions and requests for interpretation of the requirements for handrails and stair rail systems. Subsection 3273(d), covering catwalks, requires that catwalks be no less than 18 inches wide and have at least 6 ½ feet of clear headroom. Step 3: Inspect the ladder rails and rungs for any damage such as dents or cracks. OSHA Catwalk Requirements: Standards Used Width, Auslastung, Handrails & More. The catwalk and pipe racks are positioned and the pipe and drill collars are set on the racks. Aviation Catwalk Food Processing Warehouse Manufacturing Railroad Solar Energy Truck Fleet Water Treatment Machinery. To review ladder access requirements, please refer to the OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1926. 205 (a) 56/57. I'm doing some code compliance research regarding roof-mounted walkway systems/catwalks/etc. It offers a great way to help your workers stay safe, meets OSHA walkway requirements, and provides easier access to equipment. The means of egress from lighting and access catwalks, galleries and gridirons shall meet the requirements for occupancies in Group F -2. Meet or exceed all current applicable statutory, regulatory, and policy requirements relating to occupational safety and health. 28 (b) (3) (i) (B) Guardrail systems. Specific sections of COMAR are available for purchase in an assembled, easy-to-read format. 2 m) conversely more above a delete. Call the Academy staff at (304) 256-3257, send fax to (304) 256-3368, or send an E-mail to: lord mary@msha. Home; Products. Ramps that measure more than 6 feet above lower levels (areas below the level at which a worker is working and could fall) should be equipped with guardrail systems. Exit routes must meet the following design and construction requirements: 1910. This is to prevent falling tools and materials from injuring workers below. Stairway width <44. 48 (a) (1) Danger zones at or adjacent to conveyors shall be guarded to protect employees. P. Guardrails at Elevated Locations. Training Requirements and Resources ; Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards). Additionally, because the final rule harmonizes general industry requirements with OSHA's existing construction industry standard and many ANSI standards, the new rule will make compliance obligations clearer and less costly. 501(b)(1) (guardrails on the walking/working surface, safety nets, or personal fall arrest systems) or modified the catch platform to ensure it would have prevented a falling employee from. OSHA Catwalk Requirements: Standards For Width, Load, Handrails & More. 1910. Understanding save requirements. But, as of January 2017, OSHA changed the ladder height requirement. The OSHA catwalk requirements fork general industry address many design variables to ensure that these systems are safe required employment. 74 (a) Access to vessels afloat. The governing requirement for the guarding of ladderway floor openings and platforms is paragraph 1910. When designed in combination with Unistrut metal. OSHA. 451(e)(5) Ramps and Walkways 1926. Apart from the above requirements, you ask why OSHA did not require the use of personal fall arrest equipment whenever an employee is working 15 feet or higher on a ladder (you do not specify whether you are asking this with. ] Walkway is defined by §1926. 1‑2007, A14. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. See the following elevated work platform OSHA requirements in 29 CFR 1910. Working Area. Because interpreta-tions and enforcement policy may change over time, you should consult current OSHA administrative interpretations and decisions by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission and the Courts for additional guidance on OSHA compliance requirements. EXCEPTIONS: (1) Float and ladder jack scaffolds. Install warning lines no closer than 5 feet inside the roof edges and at a height of 34 to 45 inches. OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart DEGREE - Walking-Working Interfaces addresses the requirements available catwalk dimensions, walking minimum burden. OSHA sets the catwalk standards for the minimum width dimensions, minimum load requirements, fall protection requirements, plus the footbridge opening demand. OSHA catwalk opening requirements. Safety nets must be installed to prevent contact with the surface or structures below them. At Steele Solutions, we listen and respond to. Top view sketch of catwalk side mounted fixed ladderway opening. Stairway width <44. Additional Information. The space must “have limited or restricted means for entry or exit” AND. 74 (a) (1) Whenever practicable, a gangway of not less than 20 inches walking surface of adequate strength, maintained in safe repair and safely. Mar 19, 2021 2:42:17 PM . Paragraphs (g) (1) (i) through (vii) of this section establish the types of fall protection to be provided to the employees on each type of. Again for the US, handrails need to be 3'-6" above the walking surface with a mid-height rail (1'-9"). General requirements -. However, equipment or work platforms need to comply with the OSHA catwalk requirement guidelines for access. 28 (b) (7). 1910. Where conflicts arise between statutory, regulatory, and policy requirements, and codes and standards, the more stringent requirement(s) will be used. 151 (c) focuses on emergency showers and eye wash stations specifically by addressing the need for facilities to enable workers to flush themselves of corrosive materials. OSHA setting one ramp standards for to minimum width dimensions, minimum load requirements, fall protection requirements, and the catwalk opening requirements. 28 (b) (3) (i) Each servant is shielded from falling taken any hole (including skylights) which is 4 feet (1. Notice the stress I placed on the word. 966 (e) (2) Prevent access by unqualified persons. and minimum stair tread of 9. Walking-Working Surfaces Standard Number: 1910. While some of these commenters recommended excluding those operations from fall protection requirements, others said OSHA should add to final Sec. 8 m) or more to lower levels by guardrail systems. 134, Standard. The top rail rail must be able to withstand 200 pounds of force in the downward and outward directions. 1 Gallery, Gridiron and Catwalk Means of Egress. 500(a)(1)): Exception: The provisions of this subpart do not apply when employees are making an inspection. Keep a safe distance from equipment that is coming. 360 Mobile Safety Rail; AccuFit Technical Railing;Top Rail Requirements. Hazard Communication. Non-penetrating Guardrail. The minimum cross-sectional dimension of air openings shall be 3 inches (76 mm). OSHA eTool. What are the general OSHA requirements of toe board? According to OSHA. 1910. Note that our enforcement. Let's go through each option briefly to get a better understanding of the requirements and where they’d be a good fit. As for guarding, OSHA requires General Industry to provide guardrails or fall protection for workers above 48". OSHA standards or the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Topics. OSHA sets and catwalk criteria since who minimum width dimensions, minimum load requirements, decline protection requirements, and the catwalk opening requirement. Home. 4-meter (8-foot) height at 50 volts. 1 - Gallery, Gridiron and Catwalk. 2 m 2) of floor area in such spaces. OSHA says exposure to these types of hazards pose a. For requirements for safety nets, refer to 29 CFR 1926. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. 502(c)–Safety Net Systems. Understanding these requirements can help securing a safe work atmosphere in product operators and sustenance personnel working on catwalks. A catwalk is an elevated surface used as a pathway between buildings or along shafting. While there are some risks associated with their use, catwalks can promote an overall culture of efficiency and safety. Sea 19, 2021 2:42:17 PM . Skip to happy. osha. 703 (a) General requirements for formwork. 00189 m 3 /s) of hydrogen for each 250 square feet (23. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. Understanding these requirements can help ensure a safe work environment for apparatus operators press maintenance personnel working on catwalks. 4 cm) in height. Guardrails shall be provided on all open sides of unenclosed elevated work locations, such as: roof openings, open and glazed sides of landings, balconies or porches, platforms, runways, ramps, or working levels more than 30 inches above the floor, ground, or other working areas of a building as. Skip to content. Read More: OSHA Catwalk. Skip up content. 1926. 29 (f) (1) (i)) (as measured at the leading edge of the stair tread to the top surface of the rail). Secondary rain loads are updated to be consistent with ASCE 7. California’s state plan also includes some requirements that federal OSHA does not include. 451 outlines the construction, safety and training requirements for scaffolding systems used at a construction site. 1020 without updating other 1910 standard references to §1910. 5” minimum. They provide safe and convenient access to many areas of a worksite. 1910. Or, give us a call: 1-800-353-9425. 451 (b) (4) Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks or equivalent means, shall extend over the centerline of its support at least 6 inches (15 cm). 451(e) "Access" > 1926. The following excerpt is taken directly from OSHA 1910. (a) Scaffolds shall be provided for all work that cannot be done safely by employees standing on permanent or solid construction at least 20 inches wide, except where such work can be safely done from ladders. 23 defines the requirements for ladders. Dear Mr. 28(b)(5)(ii)(A). The OSHA catwalk requirements for general industry address many design variables to ensure that these systems are sure with employees. 1050 through 1926. 1 cm) of and along at least one side of the walkway. Design and Construction of Railings. 28 (b) (9). Reach out with questions, request a quote, or call 814-623-8125 to discuss your project. 30 Walking-Working Surfaces. 1910. 1926. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to multi-level, single-point adjustable, multi-point adjustable, interior hung, needle beam, catenary, and float (ship) scaffolds. The top rail must be at least 42 inches in height (§1910. OSHA's decision not to require the use of personal fall arrest systems in other situations while working on ladders. FAQs Where these requirements overlap, the [Exit Routes] requirements would apply. Keep materials away from the edge of the trench. The OSHA catwalk width requirements are found in section 1910. The OSHA catwalk standards for catwalk widths, toeboards, and load requirements are found in sections 1910. Catwalks, or runways, provide a means of access at configuration, maintenance areas. Risers for OSHA stairs are allowed to. Fixed ladders above 24 feet must have a fall protection system. 1926. On September 27, 2002, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) published new cargo securement rules. OSHA clearance requirements regulate the amount of empty space that must be left around ladders in workplaces. OSHA stairs are required to be a minimum of 22 inches wide. The maximum travel distance to one exit cannot exceed 150 feet in buildings not sprinklered or 200 feet in buildings protected by a. 1-800-321-OSHA (6742), TTY 1-877-889-5627. For example, California’s OSH has an Injury and Illness Prevention Program (IIPP) as well as a. Understanding these. 74 (a) (1) Whenever practicable, a gangway of not less than 20 inches walking surface of adequate strength, maintained in safe repair and safely secured. Simply put, chains, once a viable option for protection of ladder access, are no longer allowed by OSHA. 1910. Advisory Opinions of the State Ethics Commission are searchable and available as part of COMAR Online. 29: 29 CFR 1910. 3 kilometers per hour (30 miles per hour) if the work involves material handling unless the employer takes precautions to protect employees from the hazardous effects of the wind. According to OSHA, the top edge height of top rails (or equivalent guardrail system members) must be 42 inches (107 cm), plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm), above the walking-working surface. 24 cm) in height shall be provided at the waterside edges of aprons and bulkheads, except where vehicles are prohibited. OSHA's walking-working surfaces standard is revised. Businesses can use a maximum riser height of 9. 28 (b) (3) (i) Each employee is protected from falling through any hole (including skylights) that is 4 feet (1. [ 29 CFR 1915. According to OSHA, the top edge height of top rails (or equivalent guardrail system members) must be 42 inches (107 cm), plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm), above the walking-working surface. 29 (f) (1) (ii) (B)) and the handrail must be 30 to 38 inches in height (§1910. So, that height can be anywhere from 39 inches to 45 inches. Vertical rise – 30° to 50°. 09/05/1986 - 1910. The employer shall not permit employees to board or leave any vessel, except a barge or river towboat, until the following requirements have been met: 1915. Furthermore, they can use standard, alternating tread, ship or spiral stairs to provide workers with access to catwalks. , Suite 42. 29 (b): "Fall protection systems and falling object protection -- criteria and practices. 5” maximum. When wet processes are used, drainage must be maintained and, to. They provide safe and convenient access to many areas of a worksite. This general rule requires the use of guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems as protection from falling 6 feet or more to a lower level. equipment (PPE) (respirators, safety glasses, hearing protection), • Planning for and responding to emergencies such as fires, earthquakes, or chemical spills. The OSHA catwalks requirements for general services adress many design variables to ensure that these systems are safe for associates. Osha catwalk. Mar 19, 2021 2:42:17 PM . (d) Designated areas. Rise and tread measurements are dictated by the angle of the stairway rise. State Plans are required to have standards and enforcement programs that are at least as effective as OSHA's and may have different or more stringent requirements. 833-526-4636. Wages, breaks, retaliation and labor laws. §1637. Mr. GPO Source: e-CFR 1910. Request a Quote. 1926. Irregularities in walking/working surfaces (e. For requirements for safety nets, refer to 29 CFR 1926. If warning lines and headers are used only in. 1910. Recordkeeping Requirements and Forms ; Safety and Health Programs ; Support After a Loss ; Whistleblower Protections ;. Understanding these requirements. When wet processes are used, drainage must be maintained and, to. 82 (a) (1) The employer shall ensure that each work area and walkway is adequately lighted whenever an employee is present. 29 (b), ladders and hatches are required to be secured with a self-closing safety gate and safety-compliant railing.